Akad isṭisna (studi kasus pada pt. griya arfa properti palangka raya teori maqāṣid asy-syarīʻah)

Ariyanto, Norrachmad (2021) Akad isṭisna (studi kasus pada pt. griya arfa properti palangka raya teori maqāṣid asy-syarīʻah). Masters thesis, IAIN Palangka Raya.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan properti yang meningkat dan berdampak terhadap pembiayaan disektor industri Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah. Kehadiran PT. Griya Arfa Properti (GAP) Palangka Raya sebagai Pengembang memberikan alternatif bagi Konsumen dalam pembiayaan non-lembaga keuangan yang enggan menggunakan fasilitas dari perbankan. Penerapan Akad Murabahah yang lazim digunakan pada transaksi jual-beli di perbankan syariah, seharusnya menggunakan Akad Isṭisna. Skema pesan dan bangun di GAP sejalan dengan Akad Isṭisna sehingga mengurangi penjualan rumah tinggal siap huni yang terbengkalai. Praktik operasional yang mudah dan gampang namun tetap legal sejalan dengan konsep maslahat, sesuai maksud dan tujuan Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah menjadi fenomena menarik untuk diteliti.

Tujuan Penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Akad Isṭisna studi kasus pada GAP Palangka Raya berdasarkan Teori Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah” dengan menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif pendekatan Fenomenologi dengan teknik pengumpulan data utama yaitu observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi dengan subjek penelitian yaitu Owner dan Marketing GAP serta Konsumen GAP.

Hasil Penelitian transaksi jual-beli rumah komersil di GAP diawali: Pertama Pembeli dan Penjual mengajukan syarat administratif seperti FC identitas Pembeli dan Penjual, SHM Asli, IMB Asli, PBB Asli dan Bukti lunas 5 (lima) tahun terakhir, Kedua Proses verifikasi dokumen Pembeli tentang validitas data yang disampaikan, Ketiga Proses kesepakatan yang dituangkan dalam akad perjanjian jual-beli yang sah dihadapan Notaris/PPAT dan Keempat Proses Pembangunan. Praktik di atas jika dicermati sejalan dengan maksud Akad Isṭisna dalam Ekonomi Syariah, diawali dengan pemesanan rumah dilanjutkan pembangunan rumah sesuai kesepakatan kedua pihak yang tertuang dalam akad jual-beli.

Akad Isṭisna di GAP ditinjau berdasarkan konsep Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah menyentuh beberapa nilai didalamnya, Pertama hifz ad-din, melindungi agama dan syariat dimana ada upaya untuk menghindari diri dari praktik ribawi disebabkan GAP memberikan kemudahan dengan alternatif pembayaran non perbankan (Akad Isṭisna); Kedua hifz an-nafs, menjaga jiwa dalam artian ada ketenangan dan kelapangan secara lahir dan batin dalam pembiayaan rumahnya; Ketiga hifz al-‘aql, Isṭisna sebagai alternatif pembayaran di GAP memberikan edukasi dan memperluas perspektif serta pemahaman para stakeholder dalam pengaplikasiannya saat bertransaksi; Keempat hifz an-nasl, ada upaya dari konsumen membeli hunian rumah tinggal yang bertujuan melindungi keluarga dan keturunannya sebagai tempat bernaung dan alternati investasi; Kelima hifz al-māl, memelihara harta dengan syari’at tentang tatacara pemilikan harta benda bebas dari indikasi praktik ribawi dan larangan mengambil harta orang lain secara tidak sah, jual-beli dengan cara Isṭisna dan menghindarkan diri dari pengecohan/penipuan erat kaitannya dengan etika bermuamalah/etika bisnis serta mempengaruhi sah dan tidaknya jual-beli itu.

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand of property has had an impact on the financing of the conventional and Islamic banking industry sectors. The presence of PT. Griya Arfa Properti (GAP) Palangka Raya as a developer provides an alternative for consumers in financing non-financial institutions who are reluctant to use facilities from banks. The application of the Murabahah Contract, which is commonly used in buying and selling transactions in Islamic banking, should use the Isṭisna Contract. The message and build scheme at GAP is in line with the Isṭisna Contract, thereby reducing sales of abandoned residential houses. Operational practices that are easy but still legal is in line with the concept of benefit and with the objectives of Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah, are an interesting phenomenon to be studied.
The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the Isṭisna Contract in GAP Palangka Raya based on the Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah theory by using a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The main data collection techniques were observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies with the research subjects were Owner and Marketing unit of GAP and Consumers of GAP.
The results show: First, Buyers and Sellers submit administrative requirements such as photocopies of Buyer and Seller identities, original Freehold Title certificate, original Building Construction Permit certificate, original Land and Building Tax certificate, and proof of payment for the last 5 (five) years. Second, Buyer's document verification process regarding validity of the data submitted. Third, the process of agreement as outlined in a valid buying and selling contract witnessed by a notary. Fourth, the construction process. If the practice is examined closely, it is in line with the objectives of the Isṭisna Contract in Sharia Economics, which begins with ordering a house, followed by constructing a house in accordance with the agreement of the two parties as stated in the buying and selling contract.
The Isṭisna contract in GAP is reviewed based on the Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʻah concept which consists of several values in it, such as: First, hifz ad-din, refers to protecting religion and sharia where there are efforts to avoid usury practices, because GAP provides convenience with alternative non-banking payments (Istisna Contracts); Second, hifz an-nafs, refers to maintaining the soul in the sense that there is peace and spaciousness physically and mentally in the financing of the house; Third, hifz al-'aql, refers to Isṭisna as an alternative payment in GAP provides education and broadens the perspective and understanding of stakeholders in its application in transaction; Fourth, hifz an-nasl, refers to efforts from consumers who buy residential houses that aim to protect their families and descendants as shelter and investment alternatives; Fifth hifz al-māl, refers to maintaining property according to Shari'ah concerning procedures for property ownership, free from indications of usury practices and the prohibition of taking other people's property illegally, buying and selling in the Istisna way and avoiding fraud, which is closely related to the ethics of muamalah/ business ethics and affecting the legality of buying and selling transaction

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