Beban pengampuan single mother terhadap pemenuhan tanggung jawab keluarga muslim di kota palangka raya

Hasibuan, Nia Kurniati (2017) Beban pengampuan single mother terhadap pemenuhan tanggung jawab keluarga muslim di kota palangka raya. Masters thesis, IAIN Palangka Raya.

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Abstract

Keberadaan single mother akibat cerai gugat (istri menggugat suami) telah menjadi fenomena di masyarakat karena jumlahnya yang terus meningkat setiap tahun. Status single mother berdampak pada munculnya permasalahan-permasalahan dalam keluarga yang memerlukan perhatian dan solusi. Kondisi keluarga pasca perceraian membuat keluarga mengalami disfungi dan masalah-masalah sebab hilangnya salah satu peran penting dalam keluarga yaitu suami/ayah. Fenomena perceraian yang menghasilkan banyak single mother tersebut tidak dipungkiri akan menghasilkan beban bagi single mother dalam memenuhi tanggung jawabnya sebagai orangtua tunggal. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: (1) Latar belakang terjadinya beban pengampuan single mother pada keluarga Muslim di Kota Palangka Raya; (2) Beban pengampuan dan kendala keluarga Muslim single mother di Kota Palangka Raya dalam memenuhi tanggung jawabnya; dan (3) Solusi hukum terhadap keluarga Muslim single mother Kota Palangka Raya agar dapat memenuhi tanggung jawabnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologis yang sifatnya kualitatif (lapangan) dengan pendekatan fenomenologis disertai dengan pendekatan lainnya yang mengacu pada kaidah-kaidah syariyah, fiqih, dan ushulfiqih.
Hasil penelitian: (1) Latar belakang terjadinya beban pengampuan single mother terdiri dari: suami tidak memberikan nafkah yang layak pada anak dan istri; suami melakukan kekerasan fisik dan nonfisik pada istri (sebagian pada anak); suami poligami yang diawali dengan perselingkuhan; tidak harmonis; tidak terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara suami dan istri; suami judi, dusta, dan berkepribadian ganda; dan istri sibuk bekerja dan sekolah. Semua itu didasari karena keluarga Muslim tidak memiliki pemahaman Islam mengenai hak dan kewajiban mereka sebagai suami dan istri. (2) Beban pengampuan dan kendala keluarga Muslim single mother Kota Palangka Raya terdiri dari: beban psikologis (sudut pandang negatif sebagai janda, trauma korban kekerasan fisik dan nonfisik), beban ekonomi (nafkah anak diambil alih istri), dan beban mendidik anak. Adapun kendalanya adalah sulit menghadapi kehidupan keluarga sendirian dengan peran ganda karena disfungsi keluarga. Berdasarkan itu semua pemicu awalnya adalah karena keluarga tidak memahami regulasi serta pemahaman Islam tentang peran-peran mereka dalam keluarga, serta kurangnya kontrol Negara (Pengadilan Agama) terhadap eksekusi putusan perceraian secara khusus, serta kurangnya peran 3 pilar (individu keluarga, masyarakat, Negara) dalam mewujudkan keluarga ideal secara Islam. (3) Solusi hukum terhadap keluarga Muslim single mother Kota Palangka Raya agar dapat memenuhi tanggung jawabnya terdiri dari: hukum positif melakukan optimalisasi regulasi melalui sosialisasi dan edukasi UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, KHI, dan tindakan preventif oleh BP4, serta mendorong Pengadilan Agama melaksanakan kontrol terhadap pelaksanaan putusan perceraian, dan perlu adanya mekanisme eksekusi pasca putusan terhadap duda yang mangkir bahkan sampai pada sanksi agar hasil eksekusi (menafkahi dan memelihara anak) dapat terealisasikan. Solusi hukum Islamnya adalah optimalisasi 3 (tiga) pilar penjaga keluarga, yaitu penguatan individu keluarga, masyarakat dan Negara dalam menyokong terwujudnya keluarga ideal.

ABSTRACT

The existence of single mothers because of divorce petition (wife sued husband) had become the phenomenon in society because their number continued to increase every year. Single mother status had an impact on the emergence of problems in the family that needed attentions and solutions. The conditions of post-divorce families made the families were not functioning and were problematic because they lost one important role in the family which was a husband/a father. The divorce phenomenon which resulted of many single mothers was no doubt will result in a burden for single mothers in fulfilling their responsibilities as single parents. As for the problem in this research: (1) The background resulted the curatele burden of single mothers of Muslim families in Palangka Raya city; (2) The curatele burden and the hurdle of single mothers of Muslim families in Palangka Raya city in fulfilling their responsibilities; and (3) The legal solution for single mothers of Muslim families in Palangka Raya city in order to fulfill their responsibilities. This research was the sociological qualitative research (field) with phenomenological approach along with other approaches which refered to the rule of syar'iyah, fiqih, and ushul fiqih.
The results of the study: (1) The background resulted the curatele burden of single mothers consisted of: the husband did not provide a decent livelihood for the child and wife; the husband did the physical and non physical violence against the wife (partially in children); polygamous husband who began with an affair; not harmonious; no good communication existed between husband and wife; a gambling husband, a lie, and a double personality; and the wife was busy with work and school. Those were because Muslim families did not have Islamic understanding of their rights and duties as husband and wife. (2) The curatele burden and the hurdle of single mothers of Muslim families in Palangka Raya city consists of: psychological burden (negative point of view as widow, victims trauma of physical and nonphysical violences), economic burden (the child’s livelihood was taken over by wife), and the burden of educating children. As for the hurdle was difficult to deal with family life alone with dual roles dued to family dysfunction. Therefore, the initial triggers were that families did not understand the regulation and Islamic understanding about their roles in the family, as well as the lack of state control (Religious Court) against the execution of the divorce decisions specifically, (3) The legal solution for single mothers of Muslim families in Palangka Raya city in order to fulfill their responsibilities consist of: positive law did to optimize regulation through socialization and education of Laws Number 1 Year 1974, KHI, and preventive action by BP4, and encouraged the Religious Court to control over the execution of divorce decisions, and the need of post-decisions of execution mechanisms against widowers who were absent and even to the sanction so the results of execution (providing livelihood and maintaining children) can be realized. The solution of Islamic law was the optimization of 3 (three) pillars of family protectors; those are strengthening individual families, society and state in supporting the realization of ideal family.

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